Violas

• Alpine violet (Viola labradorica)

• Arrowleaf violet (Viola sagittata)

• Birdfoot violet (Viola pedata)

• Canadian white violet (Viola canadensis var. canadensis)

• Common blue violet (Viola sororia)

• Downy yellow violet (Viola pubescens)

• Early blue violet (Viola ×palmata [brittoniana or pedatifida × affinis or sororia])

• Longspur violet (Viola rostrata)

• Marsh blue violet (Viola cucullata)

• Prairie Violet (Viola pedatifida)

• Sand violet (Viola affinis)

• Small white violet (Viola macloskeyi)

• Smooth white violet (Viola macloskeyi subsp. pallens)

• Striped cream violet (Viola striata)

• Sweet white violet (Viola blanda)

• Sweet white violet (Viola blanda var. palustriformis)

None that I am aware of

Blazing Star, Coreopsis, Dogbane, Ironweed, Joe-Pye Weed, Milkweed, Monarda, Purple Coneflower, Thistle, Verbena, Vetch, White Snakeroot

Butterfly Bush (make sure you use a sterile variety), Lantana, Lavender, Mexican Sunflower, Red Clover, Zinnia

June-September. One brood per year, it hatches, then overwinters. When violets begin to grow, the caterpillar will come out of hibernation.

Butterflies and Moths of North America. Butterfliesandmoths.org

Brenda Dziedzic, Raising Butterflies in the Garden

Heather Holm, Pollinators of Native Plants

National Wildlife Federation. Nwf.org

Xerces Society. Xerces.org